Overview
| one_two_family_residential | Mostly lot-size-encoded in thousands of sf — BUT with four legacy mismatches: R-13 is 12,000 sf, R-11 is 9,000 sf, R-9 is 6,000 sf, R-8 is 6,000 sf (NOT 13k/11k/9k/8k). R-33/R-22/R-15 match their names. R-LL=2.5 acres. R-43=1 acre (43,560 sf). R-R='Rural' at 6,000 sf. R-4='alley/infill' at 4,000 sf/40-ft frontage. |
|---|---|
| multifamily_residential | MD-1..MD-4 = multifamily density tiers (MD-1=10 du/ac, MD-2=16 du/ac, MD-3=20 du/ac, MD-4=setback/parking-driven, no minimum lot). R-M = legacy Multiple Residential (51 ft/3 stories). |
| commercial | C-1 Neighborhood, C-2 Limited, C-3 General (ascending intensity). |
| manufacturing | M-1 Limited (industrial park), M-2 Light, M-3 Heavy. |
| special_purpose | Chapter 8 districts: LFA-1..6 (Langley Flight Approach), RT-1 (Residential Transition — Todds Ln/Big Bethel), BB-1..5 (Buckroe Bayfront), HRC-1..3 (Hampton Roads Center), DT-1..3 (Downtown), PO-1..2 (Parks/Open Space). On Municode these correspond to SPI- prefixes (SPI-BBD-SFR=BB-1, SPI-OHB=DT-1, SPI-HRC=HRC-1, etc.). |
| overlays | Chapter 9 O- prefix: O-AICUZ, O-CBP, O-CC, O-FZ, O-IH, O-MVC, O-HP. |
1960-ordained code formally recodified June 1, 2015 under Va. Code §15.2-1433. §1-3 defaults annexed territory to R-13; §1-5 defaults unclassified-on-map land (including sub-marginal, water, federally/state-owned) to R-13. Legacy-index naming in low-intensity residential districts is the most significant quirk. | sub_flags_raw=[legacy-1960-recodified-2015, military-base-adjacent, coastal-tidewater] ; narrative_ref=narratives/hampton-va/7b2f1a44-hampton-20260418.json
- Legacy-index residential district names. R-13 = 12,000 sf (not 13k), R-11 = 9,000 sf (not 11k), R-9 = 6,000 sf (not 9k), R-8 = 6,000 sf (one/two-family; 4,000 sf per duplex unit). R-33/R-22/R-15 DO match their names. R-LL = 2.5 acres. R-43 = 1 acre (43,560 sf — matching name). The mismatch reflects 1960 legacy codification; 2015 recodification preserved it. — [§4-63 (R-13); §4-73 (R-11); §4-83 (R-9); §4-93 (R-8)]
- Default-district rule: annexed territory (§1-3) AND map-unclassified land including 'sub-marginal land, water areas, and federally-owned and state-owned land' (§1-5) are auto-R-13 pending city council action. Explicit floor district — unusual among VA cities. — [§1-3; §1-5]
- O-IH (Infill Housing) Overlay imposes LOWER max height (25 ft / 2 stories) than base districts (35 ft). Trade-off: dimensional flexibility for substandard lots, capped by compatibility height. — [§9-43(1)]
+ 9 more in Quirks & notes
Districts
| Code | Name | Category | Min lot | Height | Coverage | FAR | Du/ac | Parking | Setbacks F/S/R |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-LL | Large Lot One Family Residential | residential_single_family | 108,900 sf[3] | 35 ft[4] | — | — | — | — | 30[1] / — / 20[2] |
| R-43 | One Family Residential (1-acre) | residential_single_family | 43,560 sf[5] | 35 ft[6] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| R-R | Rural One Family Residential | residential_single_family | 6,000 sf[8] | 35 ft[9] | — | — | — | — | 30[7] / — / — |
| R-33 | One Family Residential (33,000 sf) | residential_single_family | 33,000 sf[10] | 35 ft[11] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| R-22 | One Family Residential (22,000 sf) | residential_single_family | 22,000 sf[12] | 35 ft[13] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| R-15 | One Family Residential (15,000 sf) | residential_single_family | 15,000 sf[14] | 35 ft[15] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| R-13 | One Family Residential (12,000 sf) — DEFAULT DISTRICT | residential_single_family | 12,000 sf[16] | 35 ft[17] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| R-11 | One Family Residential (9,000 sf) | residential_single_family | 9,000 sf[18] | 35 ft[19] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| R-9 | One Family Residential (6,000 sf) | residential_single_family | 6,000 sf[20] | 35 ft[21] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| R-8 | One and Two Family Residential | residential_two_family | 6,000 sf[22] | 35 ft[23] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| R-4 | One Family Residential (Alley/Infill) | residential_single_family | 4,000 sf[25] | 35 ft[26] | — | — | — | — | 15[24] / — / — |
| R-M | Multiple Residential (legacy) | residential_multifamily | — | 51 ft[27] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| MD-1 | Multifamily Residential (low density) | residential_multifamily | 20,000 sf[28] | 36 ft[29] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| MD-2 | Multifamily Residential (medium density) | residential_multifamily | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| MD-3 | Multifamily Residential (high density) | residential_multifamily | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| MD-4 | Multifamily Residential (urban) | residential_multifamily | —[30] | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| C-1 | Neighborhood Commercial | commercial | — | 35 ft[31] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| C-2 | Limited Commercial | commercial | — | 35 ft[32] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| C-3 | General Commercial | commercial | — | 35 ft[34] | — | — | — | — | 0[33] / — / — |
| M-1 | Limited Manufacturing (industrial park) | manufacturing | — | 35 ft[36] | — | — | — | — | 30[35] / — / — |
| M-2 | Light Manufacturing | manufacturing | — | 35 ft[38] | — | — | — | — | 0[37] / — / — |
| M-3 | Heavy Manufacturing | manufacturing | — | 35 ft[40] | — | — | — | — | 0[39] / — / — |
| LFA-1 | Langley Flight Approach — Manufacturing | special_purpose_military | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| LFA-2 | Langley Flight Approach — Mixed Business and Manufacturing | special_purpose_military | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| LFA-3 | Langley Flight Approach — Hampton Roads Center | special_purpose_military | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| LFA-4 | Langley Flight Approach — Limited Business I | special_purpose_military | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| LFA-5 | Langley Flight Approach — Limited Residential | special_purpose_military | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| LFA-6 | Langley Flight Approach — Limited Business II | special_purpose_military | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| RT-1 | Residential Transition — Todds Lane / Big Bethel Road | special_purpose_transition | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| BB-1 | Buckroe Bayfront — Single Family Residential | special_purpose_coastal | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| BB-2 | Buckroe Bayfront — Mixed Residential | special_purpose_coastal | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| BB-3 | Buckroe Bayfront — Optional Mixed Use | special_purpose_coastal | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| BB-4 | Buckroe Bayfront — Required Mixed Use | special_purpose_coastal | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| BB-5 | Buckroe Bayfront — Special | special_purpose_coastal | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| HRC-1 | Hampton Roads Center South | special_purpose_planned | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| HRC-2 | Hampton Roads Center North | special_purpose_planned | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| HRC-3 | Hampton Roads Center West | special_purpose_planned | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| DT-1 | Downtown Business | special_purpose_downtown | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| DT-2 | Downtown Waterfront | special_purpose_downtown | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| DT-3 | Downtown Residential | special_purpose_downtown | — | 75 ft[41] | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| PO-1 | Parks and Open Space — General | parks_open_space | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
| PO-2 | Parks and Open Space — Buckroe Beachfront | parks_open_space | — | — | — | — | — | — | — / — / — |
Confidence: confirmed partial under review not found
Overlays
Areas within adopted noise-contour boundaries (≥65 dB DNL) and Accident Potential Zones (Clear Zone, APZ-I, APZ-II) surrounding Langley AFB, mapped on Noise Contour District map and AICUZ map per Va. Code §15.2-2295
| noise_zones | 65–70 / 70–75 / >75 dB DNL (§9-1(4)) |
|---|---|
| accident_potential_zones | CZ, APZ-I, APZ-II (§9-1(5)) |
| base_interaction | layered; more-restrictive controls |
| sound_attenuation | per city code Ch. 22 Art. III |
RPA, RMA, and IDA subdistricts as mapped on Chesapeake Bay Preservation District Map; §9-13(4) auto-covers unmapped lands that meet CBP component definitions
| subdistricts | Resource Protection Area (RPA), Resource Management Area (RMA), Intensely Developed Area (IDA) |
|---|---|
| IDA_qualifying_conditions_pre_1989_10_01 | >50% impervious, OR constructed public water/sewer/stormwater, OR ≥4 du/ac housing density (§9-13(1)(c)) |
| base_interaction | layered; more-stringent-of-two controls (§9-12(2)) |
| site_delineation | environmental site assessment approved by planning director (§9-13(3)) |
Coliseum Central Business Improvement District boundary — Mercury Boulevard / Coliseum Drive commercial corridor
| design_review | Coliseum Central Design Review Committee (CCDRC) — includes Coliseum Central BID Board representation |
|---|---|
| base_interaction | layered; design-review-added |
Floodplain districts per FEMA FIRM adopted by city council and incorporated into Zoning District Sectional Maps (§1-2)
| subdistricts | Flood-zone subdistricts per FIRM (A, AE, VE, X, etc.) |
|---|---|
| boundary_rule | NOT subject to §1-2(1) street/lot-line rule — FIRM is controlling |
| base_interaction | layered; more-restrictive; FIRM updates auto-amend overlay |
Substandard lots (as defined) in R-8, R-9, R-11, R-13 districts existing on or prior to September 10, 2014 (§9-42)
| base_interaction | layered; dimensional-substitution |
|---|---|
| max_height_ft | 25 |
| max_stories | 2 |
| frontage_reduction | by-right reduction of underlying lot frontage and/or lot area |
| dwelling_area | reducible to maximum achievable within setbacks/height |
| front_setback_rule | average of setbacks on same block within 300 ft; build-to line; 50% of build-to width must be main front façade |
| min_green_front_yard_pct | 50 |
| garage_offset_inches | 18 |
Property visible from Magruder Boulevard — corridor linking Langley/NASA, Magruder Blvd business/industrial parks, and Coliseum Central
| base_interaction | layered; design-standards |
|---|---|
| visual_standards | visual-corridor design controls for Magruder-visible parcels |
Properties mapped with the O-HP symbol on the zoning map (§9-62)
| review_body | 5-member Preservation Review Board (PRB): 1 licensed architect, 1 planning commission member, remainder residents/business operators (§9-63) |
|---|---|
| certificate_of_appropriateness | required for new construction, alteration, removal, demolition (§9-64(2)) |
| design_guidelines | PRB-prepared; annual review at public hearing (§9-64(1)) |
| base_interaction | layered; design review added; underlying use/dimensional rules preserved |
State preemptions
Adopted building codes
Statewide — VA Uniform SBC
Click a code label to open its state-by-state adoption atlas.
Quirks & notes
- Legacy-index residential district names. R-13 = 12,000 sf (not 13k), R-11 = 9,000 sf (not 11k), R-9 = 6,000 sf (not 9k), R-8 = 6,000 sf (one/two-family; 4,000 sf per duplex unit). R-33/R-22/R-15 DO match their names. R-LL = 2.5 acres. R-43 = 1 acre (43,560 sf — matching name). The mismatch reflects 1960 legacy codification; 2015 recodification preserved it. — [§4-63 (R-13); §4-73 (R-11); §4-83 (R-9); §4-93 (R-8)]
- Default-district rule: annexed territory (§1-3) AND map-unclassified land including 'sub-marginal land, water areas, and federally-owned and state-owned land' (§1-5) are auto-R-13 pending city council action. Explicit floor district — unusual among VA cities. — [§1-3; §1-5]
- O-IH (Infill Housing) Overlay imposes LOWER max height (25 ft / 2 stories) than base districts (35 ft). Trade-off: dimensional flexibility for substandard lots, capped by compatibility height. — [§9-43(1)]
- DT-3 height measured from base point raised to 8.5 ft above MSL (not grade). Coastal-resilience provision: elevated buildings retain full entitlement despite base flood elevation adjustments. — [§8-44(3)(a)]
- Over-water structures in DT-2/DT-3 (Hampton River / Salters Creek) capped at 35 ft / 2 stories regardless of base district cap, measured from mean-high-water grade extension. — [§8-43; §8-44(3)(b)]
- R-4 is a plan-activated district — per §4-101 applies only to (a) contiguous lots ≥24,000 sf consistent with comp plan, OR (b) adopted master/small-area/neighborhood plan areas governed by a pattern book. — [§4-101]
- Langley Flight Approach (LFA-1 through LFA-6) are BASE districts — NOT overlays. A parcel in the Langley flight path can carry an LFA base classification AND sit in O-AICUZ contours, triggering both regimes concurrently. — [Ch. 8 Art. 1 §§8-1 through 8-7; Ch. 9 Art. 1 §§9-1 through 9-10]
- HRC and O-CC design review. HRC-1/2/3 (§§8-32 through 8-34) mandate Hampton Roads Center Architectural Review Board approval; O-CC (§§9-21 et seq.) mandates Coliseum Central Design Review Committee (CCDRC) approval. Design review is additive to Planning Commission review. — [§8-33(2)(a); §9-21 et seq.]
- Bifurcated Municode publication. The Zoning Ordinance (library.municode.com/va/hampton/codes/zoning) is published SEPARATELY from the general Code of Ordinances (/codes/code_of_ordinances). Zoning Ord. cross-references to 'Ch. 22 Art. III' (airport noise sound attenuation) and 'Ch. 35.1' (site plans) point to the general Code, not Zoning. — [§9-1(1)(b); §1-8]
- 1960 ordainment preserved via 2015 formal recodification under Va. Code §15.2-1433. Legacy lot-grandfathering retained (e.g., ≤40-ft-wide lots of record prior to Jan 27, 1960 may use 5-ft side yards each). — [§1-01; §4-6(2) et al.]
- C-1/C-2 residential (townhouse/multifamily) density caps are EMBEDDED in commercial districts — C-1 = 10 du/ac, C-2 = 20 du/ac, both at 20,000 sf min lot. Mixed-use is dimensional-driven, not form-based. — [§§6-4(3)(5); 6-13(3)(5)]
- Buckroe Bayfront (BB-1 through BB-5) is a coastal 5-district ladder from single-family to optional/required mixed-use. Unusual granularity for a small coastal neighborhood sub-area; reflects distinct Buckroe Neighborhood Plan (1995, adopted Jan 1995 per §8-53(4)(a)) and PO-2 Buckroe Beachfront as publicly-held assemblage. — [Ch. 8 Art. 3 §§8-21 through 8-26; §8-53]
Formulas
Definitions
- height
- Grade to highest point of structure (Ch. 2). DT-3 base point may be raised to 8.5 ft above MSL (§8-44(3)(a)). Over-water DT structures measured from mean high water extension.
- lot_coverage
- Building footprint / lot area; principal + accessory (Ch. 2).
- far
- Not primary metric in Hampton code; density controlled by min lot size and du/ac caps.
- du_ac
- §2-__ distinguishes gross density (du/gross acre) from net density (du/buildable acre). MD-1/2/3 density caps are BUILDABLE acre.
- setback_front
- Front property line to nearest building face. R-LL/R-43/R-33/R-22/R-15/R-13/R-11/R-9: pre-ordinance lots use block-average-front-yard rule (avg of block, minimum 20 ft, capped at 60 ft).
- setback_side
- Most one/two-family districts use a % formula: sum of two side yards ≥25% of lot width, no individual <10%. Lots ≤40 ft and of record prior to Jan 27, 1960 may use 5 ft each.
- setback_rear
- Base 20 ft; increased by 1/3 of lot depth over 75 ft, capped at 35 ft max.
- parking
- Chapter 11 — not extracted in this pass.
Capacity calculations
- max_footprint_sf
lot_area_sf * lot_coverage- max_gfa_sf
not_applicable (no FAR regime)- buildable_width_ft
lot_width_ft - setback_side_ft * 2- buildable_depth_ft
lot_depth_ft - setback_front_ft - setback_rear_ft- max_stories_approx
max_height_ft / 10
Massing explorer
Interactive 3D comparison across every district. Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom, use the slider to walk districts, and toggle applicable overlays in the right-side panel.
| District | Category | Height | FAR | Coverage | Setbacks | Parking | Density | Min lot | Overlays |
|---|
Sources & references
Municode /va/hampton/codes/zoning is JS-rendered; chapter anchors do not return text to scripted WebFetch. Canonical text retrieved via hampton.gov DocumentCenter/View/7112 PDF (12,215-line pdftotext extraction). Zoning Ordinance is a SEPARATE publication from the general Code of Ordinances (/codes/code_of_ordinances).
- [1] §4-6(1)
- [2] §4-6(3)
- [3] §4-4(1) — 2.5 acres
- [4] §4-3 (45 ft with 25-ft side yards)
- [5] §4-14(1)
- [6] §4-13
- [7] §4-25(1)
- [8] §4-23
- [9] §4-22
- [10] §4-34
- [11] §4-33
- [12] §4-44
- [13] §4-43
- [14] §4-53
- [15] §4-52
- [16] §4-63 (name 'R-13' is legacy index; actual minimum = 12,000 sf)
- [17] §4-62
- [18] §4-73 (name 'R-11' is legacy index; actual minimum = 9,000 sf)
- [19] §4-72
- [20] §4-83 (name 'R-9' is legacy index; actual minimum = 6,000 sf)
- [21] §4-82
- [22] §4-93(1)-(2) (6,000 sf one/two-family; 4,000 sf per duplex unit)
- [23] §4-92
- [24] §4-106(1)(a)
- [25] §4-104(1) (alley-served; 5,000 sf corner/non-alley)
- [26] §4-103
- [27] §5-__ (Ch. 5 Art. 1) — 51 ft / 3 stories
- [28] §5-14
- [29] §5-13(1) (41 ft with 30-ft side yards)
- [30] na
- [31] §6-3(1) (45 ft with 50-ft side yards)
- [32] §6-12(1) — base 35 ft; 1:3 step-back for additional height
- [33] §6-23(1) — no front yard required
- [34] §6-22 — base 35 ft; 1:3 step-back additional
- [35] §7-5
- [36] §7-4 (higher by use permit per Ch. 14)
- [37] §7-13(1)
- [38] §7-12 — 1:3 step-back for additional
- [39] §7-23(1)
- [40] §7-22 — 1:3 step-back for additional
- [41] §8-44(3)(a) — 75 ft; 85 ft with 1 level integrated parking; 95 ft with 2 levels
Research status
Publication gates
| primary url present | passed | |
|---|---|---|
| no aggregator cited | passed | |
| confidence tags full form | passed | |
| overlays have parameters trigger confidence | passed | |
| preempt section city specific | passed |
Known issues
Verification
| last_verified_at | 2026-04-18T23:30:00Z |
|---|---|
| verifier_specialist | verification-pass |
| verifier_version | 1.0 |
| verification_result | passed |
| atomic_claims_checked | 78 |
| atomic_claims_passed | 78 |
| verification_notes | Every base-district lot-size and height claim cites Ch. 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. Chapter 9 overlay enumeration is EXHAUSTIVE per extracted TOC (7 overlays; no Art. 8+ exists in Ch. 9). Under_review items: O-HP designated-property inventory; Hampton STR ordinance status; Hampton Ch. 14 amendments vs. SB 974/HB 2660; Fort Monroe NPS boundary. |
Other cities in this state
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