Zoning › State preemptions › North Dakota

Federal & Tribal Jurisdictional Carve-Outs (MHA Nation, USACE, Theodore Roosevelt NP, AFB AICUZ) (ND)

Tracked preemption from the North Dakota overlay bundle.

Overview

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Effective
1851-09-17
Sunset
—
Authority
federal
Scope
state:ND
Other North Dakota preemptions
Short-Term Rentals — No Statewide Preemption (Local Authority Preserved)NDCC §40-47-16 — Manufactured & Modular Housing Parity in Residential DistrictsNDCC Ch. 11-09.1 — County Home Rule Charter Authority ExpansionNDCC §40-47-01.1 — Extraterritorial Zoning Jurisdiction (Population-Tiered)NDCC §11-33-02 — Agricultural Land & Existing Farm Structures County Zoning Carve-OutNDCC Ch. 40-05.1 — City Home Rule Charter Authority ExpansionNDCC Ch. 38-08 — Oil & Gas Downhole / Spacing / Flaring State OccupationNDCC §40-47-07 / §11-33-08 — 20% Protest Petition Two-Thirds Vote Trigger

Trigger predicate

When this evaluates true for a parcel, the law's preempted fields take precedence over base zoning.

OR
  • parcel.tribal_land_status == tribal
  • parcel.federal_land_owner == usace
  • parcel.federal_land_owner == nps_thro
  • parcel.federal_land_owner == usaf
  • city.has_grand_forks_afb_adjacency == True
  • city.has_minot_afb_adjacency == True

Preempted fields

4 fields on the base district schema are rewritten when the trigger fires.

FieldOpValueNote
base_districts[*]waive—MHA Nation (Three Affiliated Tribes — Mandan/Hidatsa/Arikara, Fort Berthold Reservation), Standing Rock Sioux, Spirit Lake Nation, Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, and Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate trust lands are sovereign — state and local zoning do not apply
base_districts[*]waive—USACE reservoir/flowage easement lands (Lake Sakakawea / Garrison Dam, Lake Oahe) — federal land use controls; state/local zoning preempted
base_districts[*]waive—Theodore Roosevelt National Park (North, South, and Elkhorn units) — NPS jurisdiction
base_districts[*]see_federal_overlay—Grand Forks AFB and Minot AFB AICUZ height/noise/use restrictions — see federal-overlays/AICUZ.json

Citation

Authority source
Federal supremacy; Indian Reorganization Act (25 USC 461 et seq.); Flood Control Act of 1944 (USACE reservoir lands); Theodore Roosevelt NP Organic Act (1947); AICUZ DOD Instruction 4165.57; Fort Laramie Treaty (1851/1868) and tribal constitutions
§ Federal & tribal jurisdiction — out of scope for state/local zoning
https://www.mhanation.com/

Research notes

Catch-all federal/tribal carve-out. Tribal lands include MHA Nation (Fort Berthold, overlaying ~1M acres of the Bakken core), Standing Rock Sioux (Sioux Co.), Spirit Lake Nation (Benson Co.), Turtle Mountain Band (Rolette Co.), Sisseton-Wahpeton (small portion of southeastern ND). USACE Garrison Dam / Lake Sakakawea covers a substantial portion of west-central ND; Lake Oahe extends from Bismarck-Mandan south to SD. Theodore Roosevelt NP units total ~70,000 acres in Billings/McKenzie counties. Grand Forks AFB and Minot AFB AICUZ overlays referenced via federal-overlays/AICUZ.json. For any ND city/county record with adjacency to these federal/tribal areas, validate that zoning maps stop at the jurisdictional boundary.